Evaluating the efficiency for PEM electrolyzers is paramount for determining their viability within sustainable energy infrastructures. Factors such as electrode design significantly affect both efficiency and cost. A comprehensive analysis must consider the effects of various parameters, including current density. By improving these parameters, i

PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a leading technology for the sustainable production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to separate water into its constituent molecules: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a selective barrier, allowing protons to pass through while blocking the passage of charges. This process res

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant developments in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements feature improvements in catalyst materials, membrane durability, and system architecture. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly attractive for various appl